[Washington Post] 'No pain, no gain' sounds tough, but you may only be hurting yourself
‘No pain, no gain’ sounds tough, but you may only be hurting yourself
While training for a half-marathon last fall, Janet Sherman, 57, started noticing pain in her right leg and left foot. A diagnosis of a quadriceps strain and plantar fasciitis led to shoe inserts and cross-training. Before long, the Wyoming-based teacher was “just good enough” to get back to training, and so she did, although she opted to drop down to a shorter 10K race distance.
On race day, Sherman’s foot began bothering her early, and by a water stop two-thirds of the way through the course, she knew she should drop out. “It was so painful, but I was stubborn and finished out the race,” she said. “Afterward, I could barely walk.”
To the inactive, Sherman’s attitude might be hard to understand. But for amateur athletes and weekend warriors, pushing through pain is a common refrain. “As a society, we are more active in sports than ever before,” said Adrienne Langelier, a Texas-based sports psychology consultant. “But at the same time, as a culture we have developed a ‘no days off’ mentality.”
Thtat needs to change, said Mark Cucuzzella, a physician and a professor at the West Virginia University School of Medicine. “‘No pain, no gain’ - no, thank you,” he quipped. “For too long, we have glamorized that way of thinking. It’s not sustainable.”
Pressing too hard can lead to injury, illness and exhaustion. With running, for instance, pushing through pain can lead to a secondary injury, said Adam Tenforde of the Spaulding National Running Center at Harvard Medical School. “A stress fracture, if you continue to run on it, may progress to a full fracture and require a much longer recovery period, for example,” he said. “I advocate for addressing pain early, rather than ignoring it.”
- half-marathon:(n) [‘mærəθ(ə)n] 半馬 back
- diagnosis:(n) [,daɪəg’nəʊsɪs] 診斷 back
the process of discovering exactly what is wrong with someone or something, by examining them closely. 诊断；判断
An exact diagnosis can only be mad by obtaining a blood sample. 只有抽取血样才能作出准确的诊断.
[+ of]
diagnosis of kidney disease 肾病的诊断
- quadriceps:(n) [‘kwɒdrɪseps] 股四頭肌 back
the large muscle at the front of your thigh.
- toe:(n) [təʊ] 腳趾, 足尖
one of the five movable parts at the end of your foot.
- foot:(n) [fʊt] 腳
the part of your body that you stand on and walk on.
- ankle:(n) [‘æŋk(ə)l] 踝關節
the joint between your foot and your leg.
- calf:(n) [kɑːf] 小腿肚
the part of the back of your leg between your knee and your ankle.
- shin:(n) [ʃɪn] 脛骨
the front part of your leg between your knee and your foot.
- shank:(n) [ʃæŋk] 小腿
the part of an animal’s or a person’s leg between the knee and ankle.
- knee:(n) [niː] 膝蓋
the joint that bends in the middle of your leg.
- thigh:(n) [θaɪ] 大腿, 股
the top part of your leg, between your knee and your hip.
- hip:(n) [hɪp] 臀部
one of the two parts on each side of your body between the top of your leg and your waist.
- strain:(n) [streɪn] 扭傷 back
-1. a situation in which something is being pulled or pushed, or is holding weight, and so might break or become damaged 拉力；张力；推力
These four posts take the strain of the whole structure. 这四根柱子承受着整个结构的压力/
[+ on ]
The strain on the cables supporting the bridge is enormous. 这些支撑桥梁的钢缆所承受的拉力很大.
put/place (a) strain on sth
Some of these exercises put too much strain on the back muscles. 这些健身动作中有些令背部肌肉负担过重.
break/snap/collapse etc under the strain
The rope snapped under the strain. 绳子被拉断了.
-2. a difficulty or problem that is caused when a person, relationship, organization, or system has too much to do or too many problems to deal with 问题，困难；负担；紧张
[+ on ]
The dry summer has further increased the strain on water resources. 干旱的夏季加剧了水资源紧张的情况.
put/place (a) strain on sth
The flu epidemic has put a huge strain on the health service. 流感爆发给卫生部门带来巨大的压力.
[+ in ]
The attack has led to strains in the relationship between the two countries. 袭击事件导致两国关系紧张.
under (a) strain
His marriage was under strain. 他的婚姻关系很紧张
break/crack/collapse etc under the strain
The party split under the strain. 在重压之下，这个政党分裂了.
-3. worry that is caused by having to deal with a problem or work too hard over a long period of time. 焦虑；紧张
I couldn’t look after him any more; the strain was too much for me. 我不能再照看他了，压力太大.
Did you find the job a strain? 你觉得这份工作紧张吗?
the stresses and strains of police life. 警察生活的紧张和压力.
[+ for ]
The trial has been a terrible strain for both of us. 法庭审判令我们两人都非常焦虑.
[+ on ]
It’s quite a strain on me when he’s drinking heavily. 他喝很多酒时，我就十分担心.
put/place a strain on sb
The long working hours put a severe strain on employees. 长时间工作使雇员严重焦虑.
under (a) strain
I know you’ve been under a lot of strain lately. 我知道你最近压力很大.
crack/collaps/buckle etc under the strain (= become unable to deal with a problem or work) 因压力大而崩溃
I could see that she was beginning to crack under the strain. 我能看出她开始承受不了压力了.
- plantar:(a) [‘plæntə] 腳底的 back
relating to, or occurring on the sole of the foot or a corresponding part 脚底的.
plantar warts 雞眼
- fasciitis:(n) [fə’saitis] 筋膜炎 back
inflammation of the fascia of a muscle. 筋膜炎
- shoe:(n) [ʃuː] 鞋 back
something that you wear to cover your feet, mad of leather or some other strong material.
- inserts:(n) [ɪn’sɜːt] 插入物 back
something that is designed to be put inside something else 插入物.
He wore special inserts in his shoes to make hime look taller. 他在鞋里垫了专用垫块，让他显得高一点
shoe inserts 鞋墊
opt to do sth:(phrase v) 選擇做某事 back
opt:(v) [ɒpt] 選擇
to choose one thing or do one thing instead of another. 选择, 挑选
[+ for ]
We finally opted for the wood finish. 最后我们选择了用木材作为终饰.
opt to do sth
Many young people are opting to go on to college. 许多年轻人都选择上大学继续深造.
opt in:
to decide to join a group or system. 决定加入，选择参加〔团体或制度〕
opt out:
to avoid doing a duty. 逃避职责
to decide not to be part of a group or system. 决定不参与
if a school or hospital in Britain opts out, it decides to control the money that it is given by the government, instead of being controlled by local governement. 〔英国学校或医院〕自主管理政府拨给的经费〔而非由地方政府来管理〕
- stubborn:(a) [‘stʌbən] 頑強的 back
-1. determined not to change your mind, even when people think you are being unreasonable 固执的，顽固的，执拗的；倔强的
Why are you so stubborn? 你怎么这么固执？
I’ve got a very stubborn streak (= a tendency to be stubborn ). 我的个性很固执.
Paul can be as stubborn as a mule (= very stubborn). Paul 有时倔得像头驴.
-2. resistance/refusal/determination etc a very strong and determined refusal etc 顽强的抵抗/固执的拒绝/难以改变的决心等
a stubborn refusal to face reality 拒不愿意面对现实.
-3. difficult to remove, deal with, or use 难以去除[对付，使用]的，顽固的
stubborn strains. 顽固的污渍
- afterward:(adv) [‘ɑːftəwəd] 後來, 以後 back
if you do something or if something happens afterward, you do it or it happens after a particular event or time that has already been mentioned.
Shortly afterward, police arrested four suspects. 之后不久，警方逮捕了４名嫌疑犯.
- barely:(adv) [‘beəlɪ] 勉強, 僅僅 back
-1. only with great difficulty or effort 勉强才能
She was very old and barely able to walk. 她年纪非常大，只能勉强走几步路.
Mary had barely enough money to live on. 玛丽的钱只够勉强度日.
She could barely understand English. 她勉强懂一点英语.
barely audible/preceptiable/visible/discernible etc
His voice was barely audible. 他的声音勉强能听见.
-2. almost not 几乎不
She was barely aware of his presence. 她几乎没有注意到他的存在.
Joe and his brother are barely on speaking terms. Joe 和他哥哥几乎不说话.
-3. used to emphasize that something happens immediately after a previous action 刚刚〔表示强调〕
Graham had barely finished his coffee when Henry returned. Graham 刚刚喝完咖啡，亨利就回来了.
- inactive:(a) [ɪn’æktɪv] 不活跃的, 怠惰的 back
-1. not doing anything, not working, or not moving 不活动的；不工作的；懒散的
The brain cells are inactive during sleep. 在睡觉时脑细胞不活跃.
Young people are becoming politically inactive. 年轻人变得不热衷政治了.
-2. not taking part in something that normally you would take part in 不参加的
Graham’s knee injury means he will be inactive for Sunday’s game. Graham 膝盖受伤，这意味着他不能参加周日的比赛了
-3. an inactive substance does not react chemically with other substances 不活跃的；非活性的；惰性的
- amateur:(a, n) [ˈæmətə®] 業餘的, 外行的 back
-1. someone who does an activity just for pleasure, not as their job 业余爱好者
a gifted amateur 有天賦的業餘愛好者
Mickelson won his first major golf tournament while still an amateur. Mickelson 还是业余选手时就赢得了他第一个高尔夫球锦标赛大奖
-2. someone who you think is not very skilled at something 外行，生手
You English are a bunch of amateurs when it comes to romance. 谈情说爱你们英国人就外行了.
- athletes:(n) [‘æθli:ts] 運動員 back
An athlete is a person who does any kind of physical sports, exercise, or games, especially in competitions. 运动员.
- weekend warriors:(n) (週末參加訓練) 的人 back
- refrain:(n) [rɪ’freɪn] 想法或者說法 back
-1. a remark or idea that is often repeated 经常重复的话[想法]
Our proposal met with the constant refrain that the company could not afford it. 我们的提议所得到的答复就是那句说了一遍又一遍的老话——“公司负担不起费用”.
-2. part of a song or poem that is repeated, especially at the end of each verse. 〔歌曲或诗歌每节末尾的〕反复句，叠句，副歌
- refrain:(v)
to not do something that you want to do 克制，抑制，忍住.
refrain from (doing) sth
Please refrain from smoking in this area. 请勿在此处吸烟.
- mentality:(n) [men’tælɪtɪ] 心態 back
a particular attitude or way of thinking, especially one that you think is wrong or stupid 〔尤指被视为错误或愚蠢的〕心态
a get-rich-quick mentality 一夜暴富的心态
I can’t understand the mentality of the people who are behind this kind of violence. 我不能理解这种暴力行为的幕后指使者是什么心态.
- quip:(v) [kwɪp] 嘲弄, 譏諷 back
to say something clever and amusing 说俏皮话，说妙语
‘Giving up smoking is easy,’ he quipped. ‘I’ve done it hundreds of times.’ “戒烟很容易啊，”他风趣地说，“我已经戒过几百次了。”
- glamorize:(v) [‘glæməraɪz] 美化; 使有魅力 back
to make something seem more attractive than it really is 使更吸引人，使更有魅力，美化
TV has been accused of glamorizing crime. 有人指责电视美化犯罪.
- sustainable:(a) [sə’steɪnəb(ə)l] 可持續的 back
-1. able to continue without causing damage to the environment 可持续的，不破坏环境的
The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture. 政府应该做更多工作来推动可持续农业的发展.
the sustainable use of rainforest resources 雨林资源的可持续利用
Cycling is a totally sustainable form of transport. 骑自行车是一种绝对环保的交通方式.
environmentally sustainable development 生态环境的可持续发展
-2. able to continue for a long time 可持续的
The party is promising low inflation and sustainable economic growth. 该政党承诺将保持低通胀，促进经济的可持续增长.
- exhaustion:(n) [ɪg’zɔːstʃ(ə)n; eg-] 耗盡 back
-1. extreme tiredness 精疲力竭
Sheer exhaustion forced him to give up. 他疲惫不堪，只好放弃.
Many runners were suffering from heat exhaustion (= when you become tired and ill because you are too hot). 许多赛跑运动员都出现了热衰竭.
with exhaustion
He collapsed with exhaustion. 他累垮了.
nervous exhaustion (= when you become ill because you have been working too hard or have been very worried) 〔因过度劳累或担忧而引起的〕神经衰弱
-2. when all of something has been used. 用光，耗尽
[+ of ]
the exhaustion of oil supplies. 石油储备的枯竭
- secondary:(a) [‘sek(ə)nd(ə)rɪ] 次要的 back
-1. not as important as something else 次要的，从属的
the novel’s secondary characters 这本小说中的次要人物
[+ to ]
Writing was always secondary to spending time with my family. 与和我的家人共度时光相比，写作总是排在第二位.
be of secondary importance/be a secondary consideration
Cost is the important thing - any benefits for the user are a secondary consideration. 成本才是重要的——对用户的益处是次要的考虑.
-2. education/schooling/teaching etc the education, teaching etc of children between the ages of 11 and 16 or 18. 中等教育/学校教育/教学等〔指对11至16或18岁孩子的教育〕.
- fracture:(n) [‘fræktʃə] 骨折, 斷裂 back
a crack or broken part in a bone or other hard substance 骨折，骨裂；裂缝，裂痕
a stress fracture in his left knee. 他左膝上的应力性骨折.
a hairline fracture 细小的裂缝
- fracture:(v)
-1. if a bone or other hard substance fracture, or if it is fracture, it breaks or cracks （使）断裂；（使）折断
The immense pressure causes the rock to fracture. 巨大的压力造成岩石断裂.
fracture our leg/arm/hip etc
He fractured his right leg during training. 他在训练时摔断了右腿.
-2. if a group, country etc fractures, or if it is gractured, it divides into parts in an unfriendly way because of disagreement. （使）分裂
The opposition has been fractured by bitter disputes. 反对党因为激烈的纠纷闹得分崩离析.
- progress:(v) [‘prəʊgres] 進展 back
-1. to improve, develop, or archieve things so that you are then at a more advanced stage 进步；进展
I asked the nurse how my son was progressing. 我询问护士我儿子身体恢复得如何.
[+ to ]
She started with a cleaning job, and progressed to runninng the company. 她从清洁工做起，一路晋升到公司的管理层.
[+ towards ]
We must progress towards full integration of Catholic and Protestant pupils in Ireland. 我们必须争取使爱尔兰的天主教和新教小学生完全融合在一起.
[+ beyond ]
Last year the team didn’t progress beyond the opening round. 去年该队首轮即遭淘汰.
-2. If an activity such as work or a project progresses, or you progress it, it continues. （使）〔工作或计划〕继续，进展
Work on the ship progressed quickly. 轮船的建造进展迅速.
We’re hoping to progress the Lane project more quickly next week. 我们希望下星期可以更快地推进 Lane 计划.
-3. if time or an event progresses, time passes 〔时间〕逐渐过去；〔活动〕继续
As the meeting progressed, Nina grew more and more bored. 会议继续着, Nina 越来越不耐烦.
Time is progressing, so I’ll be brief. 时间在一点点过去，我长话短说吧.
- progress:(n)
-1. the process of getting better at doing something, or getting closer to finishing or achieving something.
[+ of]
The police are disappointed by the slow progress of the investigation. 警方对调查进度缓慢感到失望.
[+ in]
There has been significant progress in controlling heart disease. 在控制心脏病方面取得了很大的进展.
[+ towards]
We are making steady progress towards a peaceful settlement. 我们正逐步达成和平协议.
[+ on]
Little progress has been mad on human rights issues. 在人权问题上没有什么进步.
-2. slow or steady movement somewhere 〔向某地的〕缓慢行进；稳步前进
We made good progress despite the snow. 尽管下雪，我们的行程还是很顺利.
[+ through]
They watched the ship’s slow progress through the heavy seas. 他们看着那艘船在波涛汹涌的海面上缓慢前行.
-3. change which is thought to lead to a better society, because of developements in science or fairer methods of social organization 〔社会的〕进步
Mankind is destroying the planet, all in the name of progress (= because people want progress). 假借发展的名义，人类正在毁灭地球.
Under communism, nothing was allowed to get in the way of the great march of progress. 在共产主义制度下，一切阻挡进步洪流的事都是不允许的.
- advocate:(v) [‘ædvəkeɪt；-ət] 主張, 提倡 back
to publicly support a particular way of doing something 主张，拥护，鼓吹
Extremists were openly advocating violence. 极端主义者公开鼓吹使用暴力.
[+ for ]
Those who advocate for doctor-assisted suicide say the terminally ill should not have to suffer. 主张可以在医生协助下结束生命的人说，晚期病人不应当受罪.
advocate:(n)
-1. someone who publicly supports someone or something 提倡者，拥护者，鼓吹者
[+ of ]
She’s a passionate advocate of natural childbirth. 她竭力主张自然分娩.
[+ for ]
an advocate for the disabled. 残障人士的支持者
-2. a lawyer who speaks in a court of law, especially in Scotland. 〔尤指苏格兰的〕出庭律师